Travel – Page 11 – Mouse Print*

The 3200 passengers on the Costa Concondia, which was run aground and nearly sank in Italy, may find it tough going getting legal redress for their nightmare and suffering.

Much like airlines, cruise lines have contracts of carriage that govern the legal rights and responsibilities of both the company and the passenger. For Costa, which is owned by Carnival Cruise lines, it is called the Passage Ticket Contract (and contrary to reports by Reuters and Forbes last week, it appears that it is this Costa contract that governs, not Carnival’s as they asserted). Here are some of the key terms that protect the company at the expense of the passenger:

*MOUSE PRINT: Where Claims are to be filed — Italy!

“Voyages That Do Not Depart from, Return to, or Visit a U.S. Port –
All claims, controversies, disputes, suits and matters of any kind whatsoever arising out of, concerned with or incident to any voyage that does not depart from, return to, or visit a U.S. port, or to this Contract if issued in connection with such a voyage, shall be instituted only in the courts of Genoa, Italy, to the exclusion of the courts of any other county, state or nation. Italian law shall apply to any such proceedings.”

The good news is that the mandatory arbitration clause does not apply to this itinerary because no US port was visited.

*MOUSE PRINT: Claim Filing Deadline

“The Carrier shall not be liable for any physical or emotional injury, illness or death of a Passenger unless written notice of the claim with full particulars is delivered to the Carrier or its duly authorized agent within 185 days after the date of injury, illness or death.”

*MOUSE PRINT: Liability for Negligence

“The Carrier shall be liable only for its negligence.”

Score one for passengers!

*MOUSE PRINT: Liability for Emotional Distress

“The Carrier shall not under any circumstances be liable to the Passenger for damages for emotional distress, mental anguish or psychological injury of any kind, when such damages were neither the result of a physical injury to the Passenger, the result of the Passenger having been at actual risk of a physical injury, nor intentionally inflicted by the Carrier.”

Score another for passengers, since one could clearly argue that the passengers were at risk of actual injury, thus they can sue for mental anguish.

*MOUSE PRINT: Financial Limits on Liability

[Various international conventions] “limit the liability of the Carrier for death of or personal injury to the Passenger to no more than 46,666 Special Drawing Rights (â€œSDRsâ€) as defined therein, and all other limits for damage or loss to personal property. The value of 46,666 SDRs is equal to approximately U.S. $70,900 …”

*MOUSE PRINT: Don’t Try Suing Carnival

“All of the defenses, limitations and exemptions of whatever kind relating to the responsibility and liability of the Carrier that may be invoked by the Carrier by virtue of this Contract or by law are fully extended to and may also be invoked by all persons or entities who may act on behalf of the Carrier …”

*MOUSE PRINT: Property Damage Claims are Capped

“The responsibility of the Carrier for damages to or losses of the Passengerâ€™s baggage, belongings or property, including without limitation clothing worn by the Passenger, even if temporarily in the custody of the Carrier, is limited to the maximum sum of the lower of five hundred U.S. dollars (US$500) per Passenger or one hundred fifty U.S. dollars (US$150) per piece, unless prior to the beginning of the voyage the Passenger declares a higher value in writing and pays a higher tariff equal to five percent (5%) of the declared value; provided, however, that under no circumstance shall the Carrier be liable for an amount greater than five thousand U.S. dollars (US$5,000), …”

*MOUSE PRINT: No Property Damage Claims are Allowed for…

“The Carrier does not undertake to carry, and shall not be liable for, loss of or damage to money, negotiable securities, business or other documents, jewelry, tools of trade or product samples, works of art, electronics, computers, computer disks or other electronic storage or similar device, cellular telephones, cameras, video or audio tapes, CDs, binoculars, recreational equipment, dental hardware, eyewear (including eyeglasses, sunglasses and contact lenses), hearing aids, medications, medical equipment, wheelchairs or scooters under any circumstances…”

*MOUSE PRINT: No Class Actions

“THIS CONTRACT PROVIDES FOR THE EXCLUSIVE RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES THROUGH INDIVIDUAL LEGAL ACTION ON EACH PASSENGERâ€™S OWN BEHALF INSTEAD OF THROUGH ANY CLASS OR REPRESENTATIVE ACTION.”

*MOUSE PRINT: As to safety… you are on your own.

“… the Passenger assumes responsibility for his or her own safety and the Carrier cannot guarantee the Passengerâ€™s safety while on or off the Vessel.”

*MOUSE PRINT: Cancellation rights, No Consequential Damages.

“The Carrier may for any reason whatsoever, including … perils of the sea, … cancel… the voyage itinerary, and the Carrier shall not be liable for any loss whatsoever arising from or relating to such cancellation, deviation, delay, substitution or modifications. … in no event shall the Carrier be liable for any consequential damages, costs or expenses of any kind.”

*MOUSE PRINT: Refunds for the rest of the trip — only merchandise credit toward another Costa cruise.

“If the performance of the voyage is interrupted… the Passenger and the Passengerâ€™s baggage may be landed at … any port or place at which the Vessel may call and the responsibility of the Carrier shall cease and this Contract shall be deemed to have been fully performed…. The Passenger shall not be entitled to any refund of the Cruise Fare or to compensation, damages or reimbursement of any expenses whatsoever, but will be given credit for the proportion of the Cruise Fare unused.”

While this contract severely limits Costa’s liability, the company may well be more generous in settling claims, if for no other reason than to try to maintain goodwill, to rebuild its public image, and to limit its legal expenses. Hopfully, some smart lawyers will figure out a loophole or two in their contract.

For a comprehensive legal analysis of cruise passengers’ rights, please read Judge Thomas A. Dickerson’s treatises: “Cruise Passengers Rights and Remedies 2011”, and “Travel Abroad, Sue at Home 2011“.

Many people are disgusted with the airlines constantly finding new ways to ding passengers, particularly with fees for services that used to be part of the ticket price.

Now American Airlines and possibly others are putting a premium on some conventional aisle seating in coach.

Here is a seating chart for a 30-row airplane:

Note the string of purple aisle seats that extends back as far as row 22. Checking the legend and what the double asterisks mean solves the mystery.

*MOUSE PRINT:

The purple seats are considered “preferred seats” and only go in advance to upper level people in AA’s frequent flier program and those paying full coach fare. The saving grace at American is that they don’t charge a fee for a premium coach seat, unlike some other airlines.

The effect of American’s seating policy is that anyone making a conventional reservation on a discounted ticket even over six weeks before the flight is seemingly only offered a middle or window seat, and a tiny subset of the coach aisle seats — at least on this particular flight. (And despite American’s representation that additional seats will be made available within 24 hours of departure for the peasants in coach, the airline held those seats for assignment only at the airport.)

Costa’s Cruise Contract Constrains Cruisers’ Claims

American Airlines: Aisle Seats Now a Perk for the Loyal or Rich

For Once, Good News in Airline Fine Print